A familiarity with these diagrams will make this chapter easier. It also provides a closer match to r500 at airconditioning temperatures. This blend has a higher capacity at lower temperatures and matches r12 at 20f. With r410a, the same unit will operate under the same conditions with a suction pressure of 118 psi and a discharge pressure of 400 psi, as shown in figure 1 on the next page. Properties of refrigerant 22 chlorodifluoromethane pdf. Note that in most cases, equipment designed for r22 cannot use r410a because of this difference in operating pressures, so retrofitting an existing r22. Table a18 idealgas properties of nitrogen, n 2 table a19 idealgas properties of oxygen, o 2 table a20 idealgas properties of carbon dioxide, co 2 table a21 idealgas properties of carbon monoxide, co table a22 idealgas properties of hydrogen, h 2 table a23 idealgas properties of water vapor, h 2 o table a24 idealgas. Aug 05, 2017 thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r4a, also known as 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, r4a, freon 4a, forane 4a, genetron 4a, florasol 4a, suva 4a or hfc4a and norflurane inn. Appendix a thermodynamic property tables general because of ammonias widespread use as a refrigerant, comprehensive tables of thermodynamic properties are frequently needed by refrigeration engineers. Pdf refrigerant r4a properties aman kumar academia. The general conclusion of the thesis is that the refrigerant affects all of the measured properties negatively on the subject of lubrication and life of the rolling element bearing. However, ammonia does exhibit a unique refrigerant characteristic due to its irritating odor.
This article describes thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants the ideal refrigerant. It is odorless, nontoxic, nonflammable, nonexplosive and noncorrosive. This section presents data for the thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants, arranged for the occasional users. The good properties of a refrigerant are as follows. Refrigerants are widely used in refrigeration cycle where cooling effect below the atmospheric temperatures are needed. With the discovery of the damaging effect of cfcs and hcfcs refrigerants to the ozone layer, the hfc family of refrigerant has been widely used as their replacement. Duponttm refrigerants, technical information keywords. Ammonia is an efficient and popular refrigerant due to its superior thermodynamic properties and low cost. The low ozone depletion potential odp of r22 compared to cfc11 chlorofluorocarbon 11 and cfc12, as well as its excellent refrigerant properties have helped facilitate. The refrigerants have a thermodynamic property charge.
Ammonia is environmentally benign, having zero gwp and zero odp. Properties of refrigerant, oil and their mixture request pdf. Thermodynamic properties of duponttm freonr 22 refrigerant. The low ozone depletion potential of r22 compared to cfc11 chlorofluorocarbon 11 and cfc12 and its excellent refrigerant properties have helped facilitate the transition away from cfcs. Refrigerant product information opteon xp40 r449a is a nonozone depleting, low global warming potential gwp, hydrofluoroolefin hfo based refrigerant with an optimal balance of properties to replace r404ar507, r22, or r407 series in positive displacement, direct expansion, low and medium. It is normally odorless, although at high concentrations in air greater than 20 percent by volume it has a faint etherlike smell. Properties and efficiencies of r410a, r421a, r422b, and r422d compared to r22 prepared by james m. R4a is also known as tetrafluoroethane cf3ch2f from the family of hfc refrigerant. Refrigerants and their application presented by thomas e. New refrigerant development 10 develop techniques for detecting and dramatically reducing refrigerant leakage in currently installed. The production and use of cfcs is restricted by the montreal protocols. The specific heat of liquid should be as small as possible and of vapour should be as high as possible to give less superheating of vapour.
Sulfur dioxide was widely used as refrigerant during the early 20th century. A throttling valve should be used to control the flow of refrigerant to the suction side to ensure that a liquid. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure. Emergency telephone number emergency phone numbers 24h. In systems where the refrigerant charge is small in comparison to the oil volume, this difference in solubility may lead to problems. Refrigerants r407c and r410a properties, uses, storage. Jul 19, 2016 the thermophysical and transport properties given in the attached tables are based on the latest research and equations of state developed for this particular refrigerant. An understanding of the pressuretemperature relationship of refrigerants as theypass through the refrigeration compression cycle also will help you as you study this chapter on refrigerant tables. R32 is suitable for new equipment specifically designed for r32, in applications that used to use r410a. Its gwp of 675 is within the acceptable limits for refrigerant gases used in new equipment splits with a load less than 3 kg, put on the market from 01012025, in compliance with european regulation ec no. This blend refrigerant is similar to r401a except, it is higher in r22 content. In some applications it may be necessary to consider other properties of the refrigerant, such as its interaction with the process fluid in the event of a pinhole leak.
Properties and efficiencies of r410a, r421a, r422b, and r. New refrigerants to replace cfcs comprise an active area of development. R290 propane as alternative refrigerant propylene r1270 as an alternative to propane carbon dioxide r744 co 2 as an alternative refrigerant and secondary fluid refrigerants for special applications lubricants for compressors refrigerant properties application ranges overview lubricants to the digital refrigerant report. A throttling valve should be used to control the flow. This refrigerant was introduced commercially in the early 1960s for low temperature applications and is particularly suitable for hermetic compressors. Fellow ashrae mcquay international staunton, virginia usa 1 what is a refrigerant. Refrigerant options now and in the future white paper. For thermodynamics and fluid mechanics problems, values of entropy, specific heat energy etc must be known for various fluids and their value can easily be obtained from these tables.
High critical temperature to have large isothermal energy transfer. Here are some of the desirable properties of refrigerant explained in detail. Pdf thermodynamics properties table suddiyas nawaz. If possible, the refrigerant must be odorless, but easy detection in the air is desirable. Modeling and evaluation tools 2 characterize the heat transfer and thermodynamic properties and efficiency performance of new refrigerants and blends. Energy consumption and environmental impacts 26 of each refrigerant during operation table 12. Pdf refrigerant types, issues, trends and future options. Jun 02, 2019 carbon dioxide is widely used as a refrigerant in mechanical systems refrigerant, marine services, hospitals, etc. These physical properties of refrigerants help us select the proper refrigerant for the application as per our requirement. These properties can be divided into favourable thermodynamic, chemical and physical properties. Its gwp of 675 is within the acceptable limits for refrigerant gases used in new equipment splits with a load less than 3 kg, put on the market from 01012025, in. Thermal properties of each refrigerant 24 table 10.
Cooling efficiency of each refrigerant 25 table 11. Refrigerant choices this table compares various properties of both current and nextgeneration refrigerants. Desirable properties of refrigerants chemical engineering site. Vapour charging solstice n40 may result in the wrong refrigerant composition and could damage the system. It is hazardous when released in large quantities due to its toxicity. The thermophysical and transport properties given in the attached tables are based on the latest research and equations of state developed for this particular refrigerant. Refrigerant compressors evaporation temperature, condensating temperature and capacity evaporation temperature, condensing temperature and refrigerant compressor capacity. Nist standard reference database 23, refprop thermo dynamic properties of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures, version 3. Understanding applications for alternate refrigerants. Positively innovative r32 daikin chemical europe gmbh. Thermal properties of each refrigerant 32 table 14.
Whenever we choose them for particular use properties of refrigerants also plays a vital role in economic and environmental friendly application. Comparative evaluation of refrigerant properties full ul, performance, operating maps and reliability testing thermophysical similarity of r448a and r449a has been verified the thermophysical properties of r448a are much closer to r407a than r404a r404a is much denser than r448a. Fore more information on the equations used, see the references section below. Apr 12, 2020 refrigerants are widely used in refrigeration cycle where cooling effect below the atmospheric temperatures are needed. Properties of refrigerants n low boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization n dense vapor n low toxicity n non flammable n low miscibility with oil. Refrigerant r4a properties thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r4a. If possible, the refrigerant must be odorless, but easy detection in the air is. The refrigerant in any refrigerator or air conditioner flows continuously through the vapor compression cycle, absorbing the heat in the evaporator and releasing it in the condenser.
General physical properties freon 12 is a colorless gas at room temperature, although it is typically compressed to a liquefied form. For example, if a mixture has a small percentage of one component that dissolves more readily in the oil than the other components, this will influence the physical properties and thereby the system performance. Request pdf properties of refrigerant, oil and their mixture in most vapourcompression refrigeration systems, a certain amount of lubricant oil is used to lubricate moving parts. Opteon xp44 r452a refrigerant low global warming potential refrigerants for air conditioning and refrigeration opteon refrigerants for air conditioning, refrigeration, and heat pump applications have the optimal balance of performance, environmental sustainability, safety, and cost.
Properties of a good refrigerants mechanical engineering. The data of the site are in good agreement with the national bureau of standards nist, which contains more than 2000 kinds of substances. It is essential that systems be charged with liquid from the cylinder. Fortunately ammonia has been very thoroughly studied by thermodynamicists over the years and. Thermodynamic properties of refrigerant r4a, also known as 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane, r4a, freon 4a, forane 4a, genetron 4a, florasol 4a, suva 4a or hfc4a and norflurane inn. This is a haloalkane refrigerant with thermodynamic properties similar to r12 dichlorodifluoromethane but with insignificant ozone depletion. Carbon dioxide is widely used as a refrigerant in mechanical systems refrigerant, marine services, hospitals, etc. Engineering consultant summary this report addresses selected properties for four refrigerant blends marketed as alternatives for r22 for use in airconditioning and in medium and hightemperature residential, commercial. The refrigerant is a heat carrying medium which during their cycles i. Refrigerants r407c and r407a properties, uses, storage. Sustainability safeguards longterm investments and ensures compliance with corporate social responsibility csr. Summary of environmental impacts of each refrigerant 28 table.
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